Harrison wrote at the time, "we might look forward to a day when a North American sun would not look down upon a slave. President William Henry Harrison dies of pneumonia several weeks after taking office. The dispute was the catalyst of a disagreement between Harrison and the Department of War, which continued into the War of 1812. [90] He was chosen over more controversial members of the party, such as Clay and Webster; his campaign highlighted his military record and focused on the weak U.S. economy caused by the Panic of 1837. In 1790, he entered what is now the University of Pennsylvania medical school in Philadelphia to study under Dr. Benjamin Rush, who was also a signer of the Declaration of Independence. [96] Freehling relates that, "One bitter pro-Van Buren paper lamented after his defeat, 'We have been sung down, lied down and drunk down.' Resisting the expansionism fostered by the treaties negotiated by Harrison, the Shawnee intertribal leader Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa, who was known as the Prophet, organized an Indian uprising. On April 24, 1791, Benjamin Harrison died at age 65 while he was Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates. Indian resistance to American expansion came to a head, with the leadership of Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa ("The Prophet"), in a conflict that became known as Tecumseh's War. On April 4, 1841, having only served 31 days in office, President William Henry Harrison died. "[81] A very similar sentiment of the situation is related by biographer Samuel Burr. [59] Chief Winamac was friendly to Harrison, and he countered Tecumseh's arguments, telling the warriors that they should return home in peace since they had come in peace. On January 26, 1841, Harrison left Cincinnati for the March 4 inauguration in Washington, D.C. On March 24, he came down with a cold. "[112] U.S. Anna never moved into the White House. [153] On February 19, 2009, the U.S. Mint released the ninth coin in the Presidential $1 Coin Program, bearing Harrison's likeness. White House portrait of William Henry Harrison. It left the former struck by Harrison's "deeply imbued principles of liberty". Harrison defeated Van Buren in the 1840 presidential election. ", "William Harrison: The American Franchise", "American TreasuresHarrison's Inauguration", "William Henry Harrison Inaugural Address", "William Harrison: March 4, 1841 Inaugural Address", "Letter from Harrison to R. Buchanan, Esq., March 10, 1841", "American History Series: The Brief Presidency of William Henry Harrison", "Pres. [48] Harrison thought that the Treaty of Grouseland (1805) appeased some of the Indians, but tensions remained high along the frontier. The official cause of death was pneumonia. He condemned the financial excesses of the prior administration and pledged not to interfere with congressional financial policy. [81][82], Harrison returned to the United States and his North Bend farm, living in relative privacy after nearly four decades of government service. Harrison waited for the election results in Cincinnati. W.H. As the day advanced, the procession made its appearance, coming slowly through the Avenue, carriage after carriage, in long succession, while thousands upon thousands followed on footall moving to the sound of melancholy music. [64][65], When reporting to Secretary Eustis, Harrison had informed him of the battle near the Tippecanoe River and that he had anticipated an attack. Harrison was born on February 9, 1773, in Charles City County, the youngest of seven children of Benjamin Harrison V and Elizabeth Bassett Harrison. He ignored his own platform plank of overturning the "spoils" system and attempted to influence Harrison's actions before and during his brief presidency, especially in putting forth his own preferences for Cabinet offices and other presidential appointments. This letter is addressed to general Harrison; he demands that the Indian lands be returned. He is the first president-elect to arrive in the capital by train. [10] With the influence of his father's friend, Governor Henry Lee III, he embarked upon a military career. His oldest son, Benjamin Harrison VI, took over Berkeley. [84] Harrison went on to serve as a vestry member through 1819, and then again in 1824. [5] Tecumseh informed Harrison that he had threatened to kill the chiefs who signed the treaty if they carried out its terms and that his confederation of tribes was growing rapidly. The session would have begun on May 31 as scheduled if Harrison had lived. Miller applied mustard plaster to his stomach and gave him a mild laxative, and he felt better that afternoon. He would serve as governor for 12 years. It was a pivotal American victory in the war, and Harrison was celebrated as the hero of the Battle of the Thames. Benjamin Harrison was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and in 1781 he became the fifth elected governor of Virginia. [21], Anna was frequently in poor health during the marriage, primarily because of her many pregnancies, yet she outlived William by 23 years, dying on February 25, 1864, at 88. The others were Daniel Webster, Hugh L. White, and Willie P. Mangum. Delegates to the Whig Party convention in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, nominate William Henry Harrison as the 1840 presidential candidate, and former Virginia senator John Tyler as the vice presidential candidate. [7] As part of the treaty negotiations, the tribes ceded large tracts of land in the west which provided additional acreage for purchase and settlement by the nation. In 1803, he had lobbied Congress to temporarily suspend for ten years Article VI of the Northwest Ordinance prohibiting slavery in the Indiana Territory. [2] Harrison's older brother Carter Bassett Harrison represented Virginia in the House of Representatives (17931799). Emeritus Professor of Humanities But his tenure was short. He was also the first United States president to die in office, and a brief constitutional crisis Harrison was a general at the time and became president in 1841. [128], That June, Harrison's body was transported by train and river barge to North Bend, Ohio, and he was buried on July 7 at the summit of Mt. Harrison rose to the rank of captain and in 1796 became the commander of Fort Washington. Encyclopedia Virginia946 Grady Ave. Ste. In his time as president, he delivered the longest inaugural speech in US history, followed by a swift and permanent exit from life and political office. Clay pressed him on the special session on March 13, but Harrison rebuffed him and told him not to visit the White House again, to address him only in writing. Six white horses pulled a hearse carrying Harrisons casket draped in black velvet in a long funeral procession up Pennsylvania Avenue to Congressional Cemetery, where Harrison was temporarily entombed in the Public Vault. Pennsylvania senator James Buchanan marveled that the people had abandoned their ordinary business for the purpose of electioneering. At a rally in Richmond, a pickpocket being marched off to jail jumped on a box to deliver an impromptu speech for Old Tippecanoe. [46] The territorial capital was eventually moved to Corydon in 1813, and Harrison built a second home at nearby Harrison Valley. [5] The British and their Indian allies greatly outnumbered Harrison's troops, so Harrison constructed a defensive position during the winter along the Maumee River in northwest Ohio. WebOn March 4, 1841, President William Henry Harrison gave the longest inaugural speech in American history. In one sentence, this described the new American political process. The White House hosted various public ceremonies, modeled after European royal funeral practices. Harrison's daughter-in-law, Jane Irwin Harrison, widow of Harrison's son, had served as hostess of the White House in Anna's place while Harrison was President. [69] Americans blamed the British for inciting the tribes to violence and supplying them with firearms, and Congress passed resolutions condemning the British for interfering in American domestic affairs. The Village of North Bend, Ohio, honors Harrison every year with a parade to celebrate his birthday. The inaugural address was a detailed statement of the Whig agenda, a repudiation of Jackson's and Van Buren's policies, and the first and only formal articulation by Harrison of his approach to the presidency. More than one Whig candidate emerged in an effort to defeat the incumbent Vice President Martin Van Buren, who was the popular Jackson-chosen Democrat. In summary, President Harrisons speech mainly discussed how the people of the United States has the rights to individual liberties and how it is the duty of the president to protect those liberties through the Constitution. The popular vote margin was much closer, at fewer than 150,000 votes, though he carried nineteen of the twenty-six states. Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as the Prophet who advocated a rejection of white culture and a return to a traditional way of life, began in 1808 recruiting a confederacy of tribes to a village known as Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe River near present-day Lafayette, Indiana. He disputed that the Indian leaders who signed the Treaty of Greenville had the authority to sell lands he believed were held in common by all tribes. https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Henry-Harrison, Ohio History Central - Biography of William H. Harrison, GlobalSecurity.org - William Henry Harrison (March -April 1841), Encyclopedia Virginia - William Henry Harrison (17731841), The White House - Biography of William Henry Harrison, William Henry Harrison - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), William Henry Harrison - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), presidency of the United States of America (1841-1841), Harrison, William Henry; Berkeley Plantation, Harrison, William Henry; Tippecanoe, Battle of. A rush was made to unharness the animals when the General spoke to several of them and endeavored to prevent it; but the team was soon unmanageable, and it became necessary to take them off. [9], His father died in the spring of 1791, and he was placed in the care of Robert Morris, an intimate family friend in Philadelphia. In May 1834, Harrison was appointed clerk of courts of the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas in Cincinnati, a lowly position for a man of his political ambitions. Harrison was born on February 9, 1773, at Berkeley Plantation in Charles City County to Benjamin Harrison V, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and the fifth governor of Virginia (17811784), and Elizabeth Bassett Harrison. In fact, Harrison's condition had seriously weakened, and Cabinet members and family were summoned to the White Househis wife Anna had remained in Ohio due to her own illness. Harrisons slogan, Tippecanoe and Tyler Too, referring to his running mate, former U.S. senator from Virginia John Tyler, became one of the most famous campaign slogans. In November 1791, at age 18, he enlisted in the army as an ensign in the 10th Regiment at Fort Washington near Cincinnati (in what is now Ohio). The Whigs saw in Harrison a born southerner and war hero, who would contrast well with the aloof, uncaring, and aristocratic Van Buren. Journalist Richard Smith Elliott later wrote that Elder knew passion and prejudice, properly aroused and directed, would do about as well as principle and reason.. [144], Harrison's son John Scott Harrison represented Ohio in the House of Representatives between 1853 and 1857. His grandson Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd president of the United States (188993). William Henry Harrison negotiates the Treaty of Fort Wayne, under which the United States acquires 2.5 million acres of land from Native American tribes. The Staunton Spectator made favorable note of womens attendance at Harrison rallies, and the Richmond Yeoman reported on a woman who refused to marry her suitor until he declared for Harrison. Although the Whig Party was in the minority in Illinios, Lincoln agreed with its policies and supported the party's [7][23], Professor Kenneth R. Janken, in his biography of Walter Francis White, claims that Harrison had six children by an enslaved African-American woman named Dilsia and gave four of them to a brother before running for president to avoid scandal. Andrew Jackson took office in March 1829, and recalled Harrison in order to make his own appointment to the position. Harrison named his cabinet and called for Congress to return on May 31 for a special session. This followed closely with Harrison's Whig political ideology. They were bearing the dead body of Harrison to the grave. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Burr describes the letter as "replete with wisdom, goodness, and patriotismand the purest of principles". On April 3, Harrison uttered his final words, apparently directed at Vice President Tyler: Sir, I wish you to understand the true principles of the government. "[89], Harrison was the western Whig candidate for president in 1836, one of four regional Whig party candidates. As a slaveholder himself, he agreed with the right of states to control the matter: The lines, too, separating powers to be exercised by the citizens of one state from those of another seem to be so distinctly drawn as to leave no room for misunderstandingThe attempt of those of one state to control the domestic institutions of another can only result in feelings of distrust and jealousy, the certain harbingers of disunion, violence, and civil war, and the ultimate destruction of our free institutions.[106]. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. His vice president, John Tyler, assumes the office of president. The White House state rooms were still hung with black mourning crapes. He played no role in picking his running mate, former Virginia senator John Tyler, who grew up right down the road from Harrison in Charles City County. [84], Local supporters had come to Harrison's relief, by appointing him Clerk of Courts for Hamilton County, where he worked from 1836 until 1840. They move into a log cabin on the Ohio River near Cincinnati. He asked Harrison to nullify it and warned that Americans should not attempt to settle the lands sold in the treaty. [100][101] He was also eager to expand the territory for personal reasons, as his political fortunes were tied to Indiana's eventual statehood. - Pleads to Harrison to take everything he has said into consideration. An opposition newspaper writer portrayed him as a feeble, elderly man: Give him a barrel of hard cider, and settle a pension of two thousand a year on him, and take my word for it, he will sit the remainder of his days in his log cabin. The Whigs made this image of Harrison as a cabin-dwelling, cider-drinking common man the centerpiece of his campaigneven though he descended from the Virginia elite, lived in a mansion, and didnt drink hard cideras a contrast to the cosmopolitan Van Buren. But researchers in 2014 proposed a different reason. William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States. [12] Congress had legislated a territorial policy that led to high land costs, a primary concern for settlers in the Territory; Harrison became their champion to lower those prices.
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