Mark was the . "I would never 2nd guess Capt Mark. Alongside any salaries the crew members receive, which are likely to be in line with yachting industry standards, tipping is expected. You were a joy to be around.". and our Not only could he captain a boat, Mark had his pilot's license as well. ", The Tragic Death Of Below Deck Mediterranean's Mark Howard, Captain Mark Howard of Bravo's "Below Deck Mediterranean" has died. Mark Howard, star of season one of Below Deack Mediterranean has died at the age of 65. Speaking with TV Series Hub, he discussed his first season on the show and said, "The first week I realized I didn't belong. Who died on Below Deck? Basically, all of the extra bodies make a ton of extra work for the stews. Get the best of Fox News' entertainment coverage, right in your inbox. Bryan appeared on Below Deck Med season one (Picture: YouTube) Bryan headed up the deck crew on the first season of Below Deck Med but has now left yachting . After her first run on the show concluded . Captain Sandy replaced Captain Mark ahead of season 2 and has been with the Bravo series since. Does anyone know what happened to Mark Howard? Mark's body was found in the upstairs area of the couple's home underneath fallen boxes and against a shelf. Julia d'Albert Pusey Now. Immediately after leaving the show, Danny took time for himself and went travelling, "After being fired, I explored more of Greece and wound up right back at it working the Caribbean season," he told the network. GodSpeed Captain Mark," Captain Sandy tweeted on October 29, along with a broken heart emoji. Julia captioned the photo in her Instagram Stories. Laughton opened up to the outlet about the end of the relationship, saying, "Although it initially hurt to hear Joo blamed our relationship breakdown on a false claim that I cheated on him, it is very true to his character and allows him some relief for his ego." Bosun Ross McHarg is originally from the U.K. but has spent the last 15 years living all over the world, most . (Tommy Garcia/Bravo). Season one of Below Deck Mediterranean saw Captain Mark Howard at the helm, but the baton was passed to Captain Sandy Yawn from two onwards. Included in the post was a photo of Howard, a captain, from the show. So literally my first instinct was oh, I didnt know thatthey were in talks with himto do another season., So I thought she said he had passed on doing the show, Ferrier said. However, some guests have been less than pleased with their portrayal onscreen. While hes still jumping on board boats in Florida, he has turned his hand to yacht brokering instead and appears on Bravos Galley Talk with his franchise co-stars. The outlet reported that, on average, charters are three-days long, and guests pay for their trips, albeit at a discounted rate, "still costing a group anywhere from $35,000 to $75,000, according to yachting industry estimates." According to charter guest Jesse Biter from Florida, he was "cast" to play the villain in Season 1, episodes 10 and 11. Below Deck 's Captain Mark Howard's death sparked an investigation following the discovery of "suspicious" evidence on the scene. If you thought the boat's crew looks seriously busy whenever charter guests were on board, that's because they are. The entrepreneur said that a lot of what . Below Deck guest, Charles Yim also claimed that the show made his stay on the yacht look worse than it was, according to Cheat Sheet. 'BELOW DECK' STAR CAPTAIN SANDY ON HER RELATIONSHIP WITH GOSPEL SINGER LEAH SHAFER: 'I FEEL SO BLESSED'. Check out never-before-seen content, exclusive sweepstakes, and much more! Howard died this week in his . Mark was the star and captain on the first season of "Below Deck Mediterranean" in 2016. 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. News was the first to publish the report. It was the size and comfortability of a coffee table," he quipped. But, as the first series premiered five years ago, its fair to say things have changed for the stars since they were last on board. The star now resides in . All rights reserved. The Below Deck Season 9 trailer came out last month. "Below Deck Mediterranean's" Captain Mark Howard has died. Nowadays, his Instagram bio currently refers to . Subscribe to The Daily Dish podcast, join our Facebook group, and follow us on Instagramfor the latest news hot off the presses. But despite gradually getting used to living on a yacht, there was one thing that never improved: "MY BED. Our thoughts and sincerest sympathies are with the family and friends of the respected Captain Mark Howard, Bravo said in a statement. ", Season 4 of Below Deck Mediterranean served up some not-so gourmet drama when Mila Kolomeitseva, a supposedly Le Cordon Bleu-trained chef, didn't exactly deliver on her resume. The report continued, noting that blood was "coming from the area of the right side of his face." In June 2019, The Washington Post reported on the inner workings of Below Deck and Below Deck Mediterranean, explaining how the charters on TV's most famous yachts work. 'BELOW DECK MEDITERRANEAN' STAR PETE HUNZIKER ISSUES APOLOGY 6 WEEKS AFTER FIRING FROM BRAVO SHOW. Per Ferrier, "People are like, 'How do you stay fit on the boat?' He was an amazing captain to work with, she recalled. He was the first to take the yachties through Greece aboard the Ionian Princess, back on Chief Stew Hannah Ferrier's first season with Bravo. News broke on October 29 that the . What a compassionate human being he was. He was 65. Bookmark. There is a plus side to running around so much and forgetting to eat though. Captain Mark Howard will surely be missed by fans of the hit Bravo series "Below Deck Mediterranean." As he told TV Series Hub, "I've been involved with music since I was 5. Subscribe to Deadline Breaking News Alerts and keep your inbox happy. Check out what clicked this week in entertainment. "Mediterranean" is a spin-off of Bravo's "Below Deck set in the Caribbean -- which began airing in 2013. Captain Mark Howard was a respected captain on Below Deck. She's on dry land now, but she's still in the high-end vacation business. ", "Such a sad loss for Below Deck and all of us fans," they added. A post shared by Malia White (@maliakpwhite) The "Please Fire Malia White from Below Deck" author wrote a lengthy description of why fans felt like Bravo should not re-hire White. There really isn't any way to know if someone is going to be homophobic in a normal job interview and her CV looked great. I met my business partner back in July and he was like, when you're done with your boat stuff can you move to Sri Lanka, and we built it from the ground up.". or redistributed. Julia captioned the photo in her Instagram Stories over the weekend, along with a broken heart emoji. When Kolomeitseva began to send out less than perfect food, and was even caught licking a steak on camera, some viewers were suspicious that she was a plant to boost ratings. Create a free profile to get unlimited access to exclusive videos, sweepstakes, and more! Copyright 2023 Endgame360 Inc. All Rights Reserved. She says when she returned home, she found Mark dead upstairs. I try to keep to that." Although couple's fledgling relationship came to an end, by the sound of it, Robinson might finally be ready to start his own family and leave Below Deck behind for good. The reality star's passing was confirmed in an Instagram post from the franchise's official account. As for the truth of the matter, viewers will just have to keep on watching and guessing. Market data provided by Factset. Create your free profile and get access to exclusive content. And despite doing a great job in the galley, Surmava appears to have left yachting behind altogether since the show stopped filming. |. Captain Mark Howard of Bravo's "Below Deck Mediterranean" has died, TMZ reported on October 29. But "Below Deck" fans will likely always remember Captain Mark's legacy thanks to some of his famous advice on-set: "Be honest, work hard, and pay attention to senior crew members. Get TMZ breaking news sent right to your browser. Howards wife returned from being out of town to find her husband dead. Bosun Ross McHarg. Voit muokata valintojasi milloin tahansa napsauttamalla tietosuojan hallintapaneelin linkki sivustoissamme ja sovelluksissamme. And if you're thinking of visiting Sri Lanka anytime soon, Surmava seems excited about her business's future plans. Fox News Flash top entertainment headlines for October 29, My mission now is to answer to a higher calling: Granger Smith, Met Gala 2023 highlights barely-there fashion, hot date nights and surprise baby announcements, Princess Charlotte beams ahead of 8th birthday in new photo taken by mom Kate Middleton, Gisele Bndchen makes first Met Gala appearance after Tom Brady divorce, Tom Hanks, Rita Wilson celebrate 35 years of marriage with sweet Instagram post: 'Love is everything', Roman Polanski, 1977 rape victim Samantha Geimer smile for social media snap. But it appears that Season 1's captain has left the world of reality TV behind him, as of this writing, at least. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. According to Page Six, Mark died of hypertensive cardiovascular disease. The Untold Truth Of Below Deck Mediterranean. Tietosuojakytnnstmme ja evstekytnnstmme voit lukea lis siit, miten kytmme henkiltietojasi. Speaking with Decider, chief stew Hannah Ferrier revealed that while the show is filming, she's often so busy that she forgets to eat. https://t.co/fFjJXSF8Oa, Though Captain Lee definitely doesn't think Danny is the best employee, he didn't fault Captain Mark for his choice to only reprimand the deckhand for fraternizing with charter guest Morgan by taking away his tip instead of firing him, as other crewmembers and viewers suspected would happen. He first began his career as a mate on a sailboat delivery to earn extra cash but after obtaining his Captain's licence at the age of 35, he left the restaurant business to pursue his new passion and has since captained more than . Man down! The #BelowDeck boss sounds off on some of his #BelowDeckMed counterpart's big decisions. "Were does time go?! The stewardess is set to welcome a baby girl with partner Evan, confirming the news with a mermaid-themed announcement. No one knows how they might react until they are in that sit. While chief stew Hannah Ferrier is the only crew member to appear in all four seasons, as of this writing, Captain Sandy Yawn has become indispensable since joining the show in its second season. Though Captain Sandy Yawn has been at the helm on all of the yachts featured on Below Deck Mediterranean since 2017, the first season of the Bravo reality series included Captain Mark Howard in the cast.. Throughout Season 4, the deckhand put his music skills to great use by posting rap recaps on his YouTube channel. She also revealed that Mark had always been extremely private. E! The Daily Dish is your source for all things Bravo, from behind-the-scenes scoop to breaking news, exclusive interviews, photos, original videos, and, oh, so much more. Captain Howard appeared on 13 episodes of the show's first season in 2016. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Below Deck 's Captain Mark Howard's death sparked an investigation following the discovery of "suspicious" evidence on the scene. RIP https://t.co/KfetIYqJF0. Reporting on published rates for one of the vessels featured onBelow Deck Mediterranean, Bustleclaimed, "Since chartering the Ionian Princess starts at $167,000 per week, that means even for a one-week charter, the crew can expect to share another $8,350 to $25,050" in tip money. "Below Deck" Season 10 cast: Ross McHarg Laurent Bassett/Bravo. The longtime sea captain spoke out about his health scare in a new interview. She continued, "I really like him," which as fans of the show will know is seriously high praise from the sometimes thorny chief stew. However, anyone hoping he was still dating Below Deck alum Emily Warburton-Adams will sadly be disappointed. Along with the heavy discount, guests are expected to provide "a 10-15 percent cash tip to the crew" at the end of each charter, the exact amount being revealed each episode, and related back to the level of service the staff provided. 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. "I really like him." "Our thoughts and sincerest sympathies are with the family and friends of the respected Captain Mark Howard," read the caption. And when she started to express her seemingly homophobic views on television, cast, crew, and viewers were all horrified. Below Deck Mediterranean season one kicks off on E4 on Monday, at 7.30, on E4. Cookie Notice Captain Mark Howard from Below Deck Mediterranean died at age 65 from natural causes in late October according to a recently released report. ", Other members of the Bravo family spoke out after news of Captain Mark's death hit the press, with chief stewardess Hannah Ferrier posting an Instagram tribute. However, Laughtonhad a very different version of events, tellingPeople, "I absolutely did not cheat on him.". 4. Privacy Policy. I dont really think I knew what he was up to when I was working with him, let alone three years later. Captain Sandy Yawn fired . captain Mark Howard Captain Mark Howard, who is famous for starring as the captain in Below Deck Mediterranean, has died at the age of 65. And told them what the outpouring of those sentiments had been towards Susan and towards all the many people that worked with him and loved him. In October 2021, Captain Mark Howard sadly passed away. According to chief stew Hannah Ferrier, the boats featured on the show the Sirroco, for example, which measures an impressive 154 feet simply wasn't designed to hold all of the people that make the TV show happen. These are real events that happen and you never know what people are like until they're already there. "As the captain of the first season of 'Below Deck Med,' he will always be remembered for his many contributions and mentorship and will forever remain part of the Bravo family. Did they put any of that in those articles? mitataksemme sivustojemme ja sovellustemme kyttsi. Howard died in Florida at some point in the last week, a family friend says his . Get a VIP pass to never-before-seen content, exclusive sweepstakes, and much more! The Bravo network wrapped Season 6 of the reality series with a reunion episode hosted by Andy Cohenprior to Mark's death, leaving fans shocked to hear of the tragic news just as their beloved show celebrates a seventh finale (via PageSix). According to Distractify, Mark's motto was "the guest is always right," and this attitude trickled down to his entire crew. "Rest In Peace my friend. Legal Statement. Sending love to his family and those lives who he touchedI know I will miss him.. Captain Mark Howard of Bravo's "Below Deck Mediterranean" has died, TMZ reported on October 29. "May God continue to bless his family in this difficult time." All Rights Reserved. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. At least, that's the impression that 'Below Deck' gives viewers. Mark Howard, known for appearing in the first season of "Below Deck Mediterranean," has died. Legal Statement. Surprising loss. Basically, we may never know who is telling the truth, but it's probably for the best that these two former onscreen love birds have now gone their separate ways. Howard, who starred in the first season of the reality series, reportedly passed away this week in his Florida home. "As the captain of the first season of Below Deck Med, he will always be remembered for his many contributions and mentorship and will forever remain part of the Bravo family.. https://t.co/91QiSZKdEd, Not my call, Capt Mark was there and did what he thought was best at the time. While Macy-O'Toole downplays his musical abilities, fans have seen him rap on the show. Captain Mark Howard had to send him packing due to the friendships he made onboard the Ionian Princess. RIP Captain Mark Howard. 'below deck' star captain sandy on her relationship with gospel singer leah shafer: 'i feel so blessed' Howard is survived by his wife, Susan. Howard was replaced in Season 2 of the show by Captain Sandy Yawn. "We got great reviews, people loved it, and I'm going back in September to finish building everything and then train my staff on the rest of my menu and staff it with yoga teachers and rock it," she told the outlet. But as Captain Lee live tweeted Tuesday night's episode of Below Deck Med, which carried over into Wednesday, he expressed only the utmost respect for Captain Mark's decisions so far this season . Julia became a firm fan favourite for her fun stew style on board Ionian Princess and has been living her best life since leaving the boat. Jos haluat muokata valintojasi, napsauta Hallitse tietosuoja-asetuksia. Market data provided by Factset. Howard's family could not be reached for comment. She's OBVIOUSLY not great but it wasn't set up like that." I lose a lot of weight when I'm filming." Chef Ben Robinson has appeared on both Below Deck and Below DeckMediterranean, most recently saving the day on the latter show after third stew Anastasia Surmava stepped down having covered the stressful position. He had a tragic accident in his home and as in any case, when theres going to be an accident, of course, police had to be called and theres going to be an autopsy. You were a joy to be around ? The responding officer then called investigators to the scene though it's unclear if the case is still currently under investigation or if it's been deemed an accident/medical episode. Bosun / First Mate Bryan Kattenburg. He also told the publication, "People who know me know this isn't real." |. They spoke to me, TMZ called me and talked to me about him, she said. He was 65. The yacht captain who also held a pilot's . However, Yawn known best as just . Captain Mark Howard, who starred on season 1 of Bravo's Below Deck Mediterranean, died from hypertensive cardiovascular disease with chronic alcoholism, per a newly released medical examiner . In August 2019, Ferrier shared a much-needed update on Howard to the Daily Dish. Signup for Breaking News Alerts & Newsletters. The process we go through is a long one. But as for what became of Howard after he helped launch the inaugural season of the popular sister series, Ferrier is as in the dark as the rest of us. "Peter Hunziker of Below Deck Mediterranean has been terminated for his racist post," Bravo announced across its social media platforms on June 17. 7. For more information, please see our Captain Mark Howard from Below Deck Mediterranean died at age 65 from natural causes in late October according to a recently released report. Captain Mark was at the helm of the Ionian . People obtained a medical examiner report that revealed Captain Mark Howard's cause of death. I say that without any knowledge if he did something controversial on / off camera and I missed that entirely. And so I was like oh I didnt know you guys were in talks with him to replace [Captain] Sandy [Yawn]. The "Below Deck" spin-off followed the crew of a yacht as they traversed across the Mediterranean, chronicling the drama between them, as well as with their wealthy clients, perTV Line. It was a great experience. Robinson told People of his relationship with the former stew, "We're friends. Create a free profile to get unlimited access to exclusive videos, sweepstakes, and more! Captain Sandy Yawn is now one of the faces of the show, with a growing following on social media. Per the outlet, the star was well-respected on-board and was very hands-on with his crew members. The report revealed that Howards death was due to hypertensive cardiovascular disease. ", Not my circus, not my monkeys, every Capt. Basically, she's putting her multitude of skills to great use in her new business. Season 4's Travis Michalzik caused quite a stir with his onscreen drinking, but the deckhand apparently won't be watching any of his antics anytime soon. Since 2013, this reality series has kept audiences entertained with its various . Captain Mark Howard, who appeared on season 1 of Below Deck Mediterranean, died on Thursday, according to his friend and costar Tiffany Copeland. Watching last night's Below Deck and getting upset about Captain Sandy's behavior makes me wonder what happened to Mark Howard (the OG captain of Below Deck Med)? Though Captain Lee wouldn't exactly say whether or not he would have dealt with the docking drama differently, he altogether praised Captain Mark's experienced handling of the situation. The cause of death was not immediately known until recently. He told The Sarasota Observer, "I didn't mind being the show's villain." You will be missed. It's never a dull day when you're a crew member on a superyacht. You've successfully subscribed to this newsletter! Captain Sandy Yawn, who would become Below Deck Med's captain following Captain Mark's time on the show, honored his memory on Twitter. Watching last night's Below Deck and getting upset about Captain Sandy's behavior makes me wonder what happened to Mark Howard (the OG captain of Below Deck Med).? Fellow "Below Deck Mediterranean" cast member Tiffany Jones tweeted, "RIP Captain Mark Howard. Jos et halua meidn ja kumppaneidemme kyttvn evsteit ja henkiltietoja nihin listarkoituksiin, napsauta Hylk kaikki. You were a joy to be around.' From terrible crew members, to relationship mishaps, to unexpected career paths, to seriously fussy guests, join us as we explore what goes on behind-the-scenes of Below Deck Mediterranean. Fox News Flash top entertainment and celebrity headlines are here. Surprising loss. You were a . Courtesy of Bravo. Create your free profile and get access to exclusive content. Below Deck Mediterranean star Mark Howard has sadly passed away aged 65.. A popular yacht captain in 2016's debut season of the Bravo reality series, a police report obtained by TMZ reveals his . As well as constantly trekking all over the huge yacht to ensure that guests have everything they need, literally forgetting to eat had a huge impact on the chief stew's wellbeing. "Below Deck Mediterranean" is currently on its 6th season and still running. Are we watching the same thing? For Season 2, Mark was replaced with Captain Sandy Yawn, who still stars on the show. Hannah was a staple of Below Deck Med until she was controversially sacked in the most recent series. He was our fearless leader on Below Deck Med season one. Howard sailed the South Pacific, the Mediterranean and the Caribbean on both private and charter boats. There are 30 or 40 extra people stepping on an off every day." "Rest In Peace my friend," she wrote. Now, it's been revealed that he died from hypertensive cardiovascular disease combined with chronic alcoholism. ", One of the stars of Below Deck Mediterranean's fourth season was Anastasia Surmava, who started out as third stew but stepped into the role of chef when Mila Kolomeitseva was fired. In an interview with the Sydney Morning Herald, Michalzik revealed, "I would never watch reality TV with my time. We do not currently know any other circumstances surrounding his death. His Instagram was last updated in 2016 and seemed to have only been used to promote the show. "Our thoughts and sincerest sympathies are . Another shared a similar sentiment, writing, "Rest In Peace Captain Markone of the cast members that made me fall in love with the show." Chastain is . Should be a litter of puppies running around on deck by now, the pooch has been screwed so much. "As the captain of the first season of Below Deck Med, he will always be remembered for his many contributions and mentorship and will forever remain part of the Bravo family. The former guest insisted that his role on the show had been produced, claiming, "We had a lot of fun. You were a joy to be around pic.twitter.com/ehbouzK5uS. So watching myself would just be the ultimate waste of time and also mega cringe." Captain Lee Rosbach is, you guessed it, a superyacht captain who has worked in the industry for over two decades. In October, Captain Howard, who appeared in season 1 of the show, passed away. Below Deck Mediterranean hit our screens in 2016, and follows the lives of a yacht crew and the charter guests they have to entertain. I'm the only one that didn't work on a yacht before, but luckily my crew were great teachers and cared a lot and took time out of their day to teach me something new and made me feel really comfortable." Howards family friend, Norma Trease shared her frustration with how Howards death was being reported in the media. Today has got me thinking that you can't take life for granted. According to one of the show's producers, Mark Cronin (via hisreddit AMA), "All reality shows are different. Link your TV provider to stream full episodes and live TV. We want to hear from you! He was 65. Chief stewardess, Hannah Ferrier, sent the late captain a tribute letting him know he would be missed. "No one knows how they might react until they are in that [situation]. Co-star Tiffany Jones confirmed the news on Twitter Friday saying: 'RIP Captain Mark Howard. After bidding bon voyage to the series after four successful seasons on Below Deck and one on its spin-off, Below Deck Meditteranean, Ben Robinson went back to his roots before a shock return to the galley, which had fans foaming at the . Jenn was the lone female deckhand on the first series of Below Deck Med series one, but definitely held her own. Bookmark. He kind of drove the boat and stayed in his cabin, so it was lovely." Get our latest storiesin the feed of your favorite networks. Any reality TV show should be viewed with a certain level of scrutiny,but just how real are the events of Below Deck and its Mediterranean spin-off? Emily is a London girl and very close to her mother. This sounds eerily similar to the previous season. The yachts featured on the show range from $140,000 to $300,000 per week. Several Below Deck crew members posted about Howard or spoke to Showbiz Cheat Sheet about the loss. We were all as shocked as you after watching this episode. So yeah, I work out enough. She built up a firm friendship with Below Decks Josiah Carter, and the pair appear on Bravos Galley Talk together. According to his biography on Bravo, he grew up in Michigan, and had almost 30 years of experience on boats. His motto was: "The guest is always right.". Kun kytt sivustojamme ja sovelluksiamme, kytmme, tarjotaksemme sivustomme ja sovelluksemme sinulle, todentaaksemme kyttjt, estksemme roskapostia ja vrinkytksi sek toteuttaaksemme tietoturvatoimia. But professional musician Macy-O'Toole apparently had his doubts about joining the show in the first place. Bryan headed up the deck crew on the first season of Below Deck Med but has now left yachting, and now works in the media. So that was heartbreaking., Ferrier and Howard kept in touch and she recalled he had messaged her after her daughter Ava was born. The reality show's ninth season kicked off earlier this week. The Below Deck spin-off show which first aired in 2016 follows the staff on board luxury motor yacht Ionian Princess as they have to cater to rich guests every single whim while also dealing with drama on board and in their cabins. That's certainly the case with 'Below Deck,' which has plenty of secrets and untold truths hiding behind the scenes. Courtesy of Bravo. As the captain of the first season of Below Deck Med, he will always be remembered for his many contributions and mentorship and will forever remain part of the Bravo family., Co-star Tiffany Jones said he died Thursday. Captain Mark Howard, best known as the face of Bravo's Below Deck Mediterranean, passed away aged 65. It listed his death as natural. Captain Mark Howard is aided by chef Ben Robinson and chief stewardess Hannah Ferrier as they steer through the wild scenes. And we wouldnt expect anything less. "Not my circus, not my monkeys, every Capt. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. Captain Mark led the way on Below Deck Med season . The Below Deck Mediterranean family is paying tribute to Captain Mark Howard following his recent passing. And in turn, I want to find a viable partner who I can maybe marry and have a kid and everything." Basically, the spin-offcontinues to prove that it's every bit as addictive as the original, and not only because we'd all love to charter a yacht that comes fully staffed with a ridiculously good-looking crew. Chronic alcoholism was also included as part of the cause (via E! Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. "I don't really think I knew what he was up to when I was working with him, let alone three years later," she said. Howard died in Florida at some point in the last week, a family friend says his death was sudden and occurred while he was at home. Capt Mark is an outstanding mariner with out a doubt," he said in one tweet. No, they didnt., Former chief stew Hannah Ferrier told Showbiz Cheat Sheet that she was shocked to learn Howard had died. He was also a licensed pilot who flew helicopters as a hobby.
why did captain mark howard leave below deck
